Astronomical Chart

黃裳
《天文圖》
中國蘇州
1190年繪，1247年勒石，近代拓印

　　《天文圖》由南宋帝師黃裳於紹熙元年（1190年）繪製，淳祐七年（1247年）王致遠勒石製成，石碑現藏於蘇州碑刻博物館（蘇州文廟）。此星圖使用上圖下文的形式刻於一塊高2.16米、寬1.06米的石碑上，共刻有恆星1400多顆，繪製出赤道、黃道、恆隱圈和恆顯圈，表現了細緻的銀河分叉結構，是世界上現存最古老的根據實測繪製的全天星圖。

Huang Shang
Astronomical Chart
Suzhou, China
Drawn 1190, Engraved 1247, Modern Rubbing

　The Astronomical Chart, originally designed by imperial tutor Huang Shang in 1190 and engraved by Wang Zhiyuan in 1247, is preserved at the Suzhou Museum of Stele Carvings (Confucian Temple). This stellar map, carved on a 2.16m×1.06m stele in an “illustration-above-text” format, features over 1,400 precisely positioned stars, including marked celestial equator, ecliptic, and polar circles (indicating constant visibility/invisibility zones) along with a detailed bifurcated Milky Way structure, recognized as the world’s oldest extant scientifically surveyed all-sky star chart.